August Gräffer's request to the government to "be married in secrecy so as not to reveal the previous misstep and not to cause any disadvantage to his business" (A-Wstm, Am Hof, VKA 78/1783).
After her husband's bankruptcy in 1793 (Wiener Zeitung, 23 Feb 1793, p. 510), the penniless and illiterate Katharina Gräffer (b. 30 Oct 1755, in Valtice), however, proved to be indispensable, because she was entitled to maintain the bookselling privilege, and in 1798, managed to establish a new business which she successfully expanded with the help of a sponsor and her two sons Anton and Franz.
August Gräffer, signing for his illiterate wife Katharina in 1798 (A-Wsa, Merkantilgericht, Fasz. 3, 1. Reihe, G 51). There are documents dating from until 1825, where other people, like Franz Gräffer and Tobias Haslinger signed for Katharina Gräffer.
Anton Gräffer was a variedly talented man who failed at so many business enterprises that for most of his life he called himself "Pechvogel" (unlucky devil), an epithet that was publicly associated with him as late as 1886 (Neuigkeits Welt Blatt, 7 April 1886). Beside his job as accountant in his mother's shop, Gräffer studied landscape painting at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts and also became one of Vienna's most accomplished guitar players. For several decades, Anton Gräffer was one of the most sought after guitar teachers in the Imperial City, and in 1811 and 1812, he published a popular guitar method in two volumes.
The title page of the first volume of Anton Gräffer's Guitarre Schule (Vienna: Anton Strauß 1811)
Anton Gräffer composed many pieces for guitar, but also wrote music for piano, for instance the tone painting "Der Friede", which he published in late 1813. Gräffer's mother wanted him to marry a friend of his eldest sister, but, like his father 30 years before, he (as he puts it in his memoirs) "committed a mistake that he had to repair for the sake of the honor of his parents-in-law", although his future wife "was enlightened enough to be willing to postpone their wedding to a later time, when he would have had a decent income." In 1813, Anton Gräffer impregnated Franziska Baillet (b. 17 Nov 1786 [A-Wd, Tom. 99, fol. 56v]), daughter of his father's good friend (and best man at the abovementioned 1783 wedding), the teacher of French at the Theresianum, Leopold Baillet (1749–1814), and to amend the mistake he had committed, he married her on 17 October 1813 "against the prudent advice of his friends" (A-Wd, Tom. 83a, fol. 67). His first child Maria Johanna was born on 14 January 1814 (A-Wd, Tom. 106, fol. 104). In his memoirs, Gräffer describes the predicament of the early years of his marriage: "That way one child after the other appeared and from that time on, I always had to fight against worries and hardship, because everything I undertook failed; every speculation, however safely it had been calculated and however unlikely it was that it would not result in a small advantage for me, was undone by unthinkable obstacles and fatalities." "If I had become a hatter", Gräffer writes in his memoirs, "people certainly would have been born without heads for the only reason of having fate still turning against me." In early 1814, the livelihood of Anton and Franziska Gräffer was based on giving private lessons in French, drawing and playing the guitar.
Franziska Gräffer's ad in the Wiener Zeitung of 9 February 1814, offering private lessons in French "after her father's method" (as advertised in: Wiener Zeitung, 5 Nov 1785, p. 2572f.), as well as drawing and guitar lessons from her husband
Anton Gräffer refers to his work as guitar teacher as follows: "I, on my part, took refuge with my instrument, although at that time it already started to go out of fashion and only Maestro Giuliani still preserved its popularity. Thus, we spent the first years of our marriage giving lessons." In 1815, in the house of Joseph Hardtmuth, Gräffer made the acquaintance of the publisher Peter Cappi who brought him into contact with the art dealer and publisher Domenico Artaria, who hired Gräffer as accountant and appraiser. Anton Gräffer was well-acquainted with prominent musicians of his time: he knew Legnani, Mertz, Rossini and Weber, and was a friend of Beethoven. The noted music publisher Tobias Haslinger was his brother-in-law. Gräffer gave guitar lessons in the home of the court agent Joseph von Pernold, Ritter von Berwald und Bernthal, who in 1817, was Mauro Giuliani's landlord. Around 1850, two years before his death, Anton Gräffer wrote down his memoirs in an autograph manuscript which today is held by the Wienbibibliothek (H.I.N. 129.388). The manuscript is entitled "Autobiographie aus dem Tagebuche eines Wiener Unglücksvogels gezogen, und herausgegeben von Peregrinus" and contains many anecdotes related to important musical personalities, some of which have been published in recent years. The following anecdote, preserved in Gräffer's manuscript, describes Mauro Giuliani at a social gathering, poking fun at the Bohemian priest and composer Joseph Gelinek, who claimed that Giuliani's German was not good enough to improvise a German verse. Two things have to be noted in advance: 1) Giuliani's fantasy word "Derek" may be a corrupted tradition of the word "Dreck" (crap), and 2) according to the entry in Wurzbach's Lexikon, Abbé Gelinek left a fortune of 42,000 gulden that he had amassed with the publication of countless piano variations. Anton Gräffer died on 17 October 1852, at 6 a.m., in Klosterneuburg and was buried on 19 October 1852, at 3 p.m. in the now closed down cemetery that once surrounded the church of St. Martin (Klosterneuburg, St. Martin, Tom. 8, fol. 180).
The second part of the Giuliani anecdote in Anton Gräffer's manuscript memoirs (A-Wst, H.I.N. 129.388, fol. 42a)
[translation:]Ich war einst bei einer musikalischen Gesellschaft, worunter auch Giuliani und der zu seiner Zeit beliebte Variationendrechsler Abbe Gelinek zugegen waren, welch letzterer bereits schon gegen hundert Thema's über einen Model gefertigt hatte. Bei einer Powle Punsch fing die Gesellschaft an sehr heiter zu werden, und der Hausherr bat die Anwesenden, sie möchten zur Belustigung jeder einen deutschen Vers aus dem Stegreif machen. Als die Reihe an Giuliani kam, sagte Gelinek zu ihm: "Sie können nik Vers maken; Sie miserabile Deutsch reden." Den Giuliani, der ein sehr fein gebildeter Mann war, verdroß dieser Vorwurf nur deßwegen ein wenig, weil Gelinek seine ganze Lebenszeit beinahe in Wien zugebracht, und doch nicht besser deutsch sprach, als er. Er machte darum aus Rache, auf dem Tisch die Geberden eines sehr heftigen Clavierspielers nach und sang ernst und mit lauter Stimme dazu:Ticki! Tacki! Derek!
Vivat! Abbé Gelinek!Dieser wurde darüber vor Zorn entflammt, schimpfte auf die lachende Gesellschaft und beleidigte sowohl diese, die ihn besänftigen wollten als hauptsächlich den Giuliani; nahm Hut und Stock und stürmte lärmend zur Thüre hinaus und davon. Jetzt ging erst das Gelächter recht vom Herzen los.Von der Zeit an kam er nie mehr in eine Gesellschaft wo Giuliani geladen war, und als einst dessen Anwesenheit verlängert wurde, um den Spaß zu haben, beide zusammenzubringen, so kundschaftete Gelinek in der Folge die Diener und besonders die Mägde aus, welche alle in den schönen Italiener verliebt waren, und fragte sie einschmeichelnd jedesmal: "Seynd Giuliani da?"
Once, I attended a musical gathering where Giuliani and the at that time popular variation cobbler Abbe Gelinek, were also present, the latter of whom had already produced about a hundred themes from the same mould. With a bowl of punch the circle became very cheerful, and the host asked each of the guests to make a German verse off the cuff. When the turn came to Giuliani, Gelinek said to him: "You can nik verse maken; miserabile you speak German." Giuliani, who was a very highly educated man, was a little annoyed by this reproach, because Gelinek had spent almost his entire life in Vienna, but his German was no better than Giuliani's. Out of revenge he therefore imitated on the table the gestures of a very agitated pianist and sang with a serious and loud voice:Ticki! Tacki! Derek!
Vivat! Abbé Gelinek!Gelinek became inflamed with rage, cursed at the laughing circle and insulted both those who wanted to appease him and primarily Giuliani; took his hat and stick and noisily rushed out of the door and away. Only now the hearty laughter started all over again.From that time on he never came to a gathering where Giuliani was invited, and when once Giuliani's presence was prolonged in order to have fun by bringing them together, Gelinek subsequently began to inquire with the servants and especially the maids, who were all in love with the handsome Italian, and each time asked mellifluously: "Is Giuliani here?"
Joseph Gelinek, engraving by John after Louis Letronne (Wien Museum, I.N. W 2113)
© Dr. Michael Lorenz 2015. All rights reserved.
Updated: 14 December 2024
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