"NB Dieser Knabe wird auf ausdrückliches Verlangen / des Vaters katholisch erzogen. Friedrich August / Hempel als Vater. / Wolfgang Amade Nebemp Magistrat. Conscrip[tions] A:[mts] Officier / Breitenfeld No 15 als Zeug / Johann Hackler Meßner in der Alservorstadt als Zeuge." (Alservorstadt 17, fol. 118)
Wolfgang Amade? These names were highly unusual at this time in Vienna, and at first glance, they suggest that Nebe's father had been an admirer of Mozart who wanted to express this devotion in the choice of names for his son. Further research, however, has shown that Wolfgang Amade Nebe, born in 1787, was in fact named after his prominent godfather Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The entry concerning his baptism in the records of the Vienna Piarist Church looks as follows.
[Maius 1787]
e. 30 ebend[er]selbe [the priest Julius Gabelhofer] Wolfgang / Gottlieb V. [father] Andreas Nebè fürstl[ich] Palmischer / Kammerdiener M. [mother] Franziska geb. v. Wanderer Haupt / manns fräule [godfather] Johann Sattmann / Vizetumamtschreiber/ anstatt und im Nam[en] des / H[errn] Amadeus Wolfgang / Mozart Kapellmeisters kath[olisch] J[oseph]st.[adt] schöne Schäferin 45 [Josefstädter Straße 11]. [midwife] Stadlerinn.
The godfather and his substitute: "Johann Sattmann Vizetumamtsschreiber instead and on behalf of Mr. Amadeus Wolfgang Mozart capellmeister" (Maria Treu, Tom. 5, fol. 351)
The discovery of Mozart as godfather could bbe compared to an unknown room that suddenly opens in Mozart's life. The godchild's father Andreas Nebe (b. 1741 in Hettstedt in Saxony, d. 23 February 1811 in Vienna), was a chamberlain of Count Karl Joseph von Palm-Gundelfingen (1749–1814) who must have made Mozart's acquaintance at the Count's palace on the Obere Schenkenstraße.
Andreas Nebe ("Newe") in the 1788 tax register, paying 42 gulden annual rent for one room, a chamber and a kitchen on the second floor of Josephstadt 45 (A-Wsa, Steueramt B34/25, fol. 99)
Palm-Gundelfingen was a great lover of music and was also one of the subscribers of Mozart's 1784 concerts in the Trattnerhof. The baptism took place on 30 May 1787, in the Piarist Church of Maria Treu, the parish church of a part of the Josephstadt. Mozart could not be present which may have been caused by the fact that on this very day he received word of his father's death on 28 May 1787. Therefore he was substituted by the state official Johann Sattmann (1745–1800), a friend of Nebe or Mozart or both (see the picture above, the key passage in the baptismal entry reading: "anstatt und im Nam[en] des H[errn] Amadeus Wolfgang Mozart Kapellmeisters"). Sattmann was a close friend of the Fröhlich family. His daughter Anna was a singer who in 1803/04 took part in several concerts at the Augarten, and in 1804 was hired by Domenico Guardasoni to the Prague Opera. In 1805, in Prague, she married the singer Christian Wilhelm Häser. The only person present at the christening of Wolfgang Amade Nebe, who could actually be linked to Mozart, was the midwife Sophia Stadler (1724–1790), mother of the two legendary clarinet players Anton and Johann Stadler.
Wolfgang Amade Nebe attended the Piaristengymnasium (where he must have met Karl Thomas Mozart who also attended this school), and in 1807, he became an unpaid employee of the conscription office of the Vienna Magistrate (which was in charge of keeping track of the male populace that was liable to military service). In 1813, he was appointed a definite employee at this office and on 25 November 1813, he took the oath as "Wiener Bürger" (Viennese Citizen).
Wolfgang Amade Nebe, signing as sworn Viennese Citizen (A-Wsa, Bürgerprotokoll, Rep. 96, No 11, 1805-14, fol. 215r)
Nebe as "Wolfgang Nevée Magistratischer Conscriptions Assesits[sic] led." on an 1830 conscription sheet of Breitenfeld No. 15 (A-Wsa, Konskriptionsamt, KB Breitenfeld 15)
One year after the death of his mother in 1836, Nebe married Anna Dander, née Bartl (1783–1865), the widow of the Tyrolian chestnut vendor Jacob Dander (1781–1831).
Seal and signature of Wolfgang Amade Nebe on his marriage contract (A-Wsa, Mag. ZG, A10, 370/1839)
Perhaps owing to his famous godfather, Wolfgang Amade Nebe thought highly of himself and occasionally pretended to have a social status that he did not have. His self-esteem sometimes bordered on fraud. In his marriage contract he described himself as "Ehren Bürger" (honorary citizen) of Vienna, a status he did not possess; his illiterate wife probably believed it and she certainly also believed him when, on the occasion of their wedding, he told her that he owned assets worth 2,400 Gulden and that his father had been a "doctor of medicine."
A section of Wolfgang Gottlieb Nebe's 1837 marriage entry in which his father is given as "Doctor der Medicin" (Maria Treu, Tom. 8, fol. 81)
Ledig Wolfgang Gottlieb Nebe, Conskriptions Officier, von Wien / Pfr. Josephstadt geb. 50 J. alt des Andreas Nebe, eines Doctor / der Medicin, und der Francisca Edle v. Wanderer, beyde verst.[orben] e.[helich] e.[erzeugter] S.[ohn]But there is more. On 6 April 1814, Nebe stood godfather to a daughter of his friend Joseph Illichmann in the parish church of Alservorstadt, and in the baptismal record he put the flamboyant (and pretentious) signature: "Wolfgangus Amade edl[er] V[on] Nebe Mpa".
Witwe Anna Dander, Witwe des Jacob Dander, eines Handlungs- / Dieners, von Eleschtin im Klattauer Kr. Böhm. geb. 53 J. alt, des / Georg Bartl, eines herrschaftl[ichen] Hofdieners, und der Maria / Watruba, beyde verst. e. e. T[ochter]
Wolfgang Amade Nebe pretending to be a nobleman in 1814 (Alservorstadt 10a, 6 April 1814)
When Wolfgang Amade Nebe died on 11 June 1839 at his home in Breitenfeld No. 15 (today Laudongasse 40) of abdominal dropsy, his supposed assets turned out to be fictitious. His widow Anna Nebe drew her widow's pension for 26 more years. She died at 82, of old age, on 12 November 1865 (Wiener Zeitung, 15 Nov 1865, 486).
How could Mozart's godfatherhood have remained undetected for so long? From my decade-long experience investigating the great composers of the Viennese classical era in the Vienna's church records I draw the following conclusion: musicians (even if they had a permanent position) were not valued among professional colleagues as godparents. People preferred aristocrats, civil servants, artisans, and citizens with a secure income. For example, none of the godparents of Johann Georg Albrechtsberger's 15 children was a musician. Of course, prominent musicians appear in the Vienna church books, particularly Antonio Salieri, who as Hofkapellmeister was an enthusiastic godfather and witness, or Joseph Haydn (of whom I have so far been able to identify nine previously unknown godchildren). But it is obvious that Mozart avoided familial responsibilities of this kind, and his absence as a godparent to the children of composers and musicians who were his friends, seems to suggest a definitive reluctance. In this he showed almost the same intentional reticence as Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert.
This discovery was first published in my article "Mozarts Patenkind", in: Acta Mozartiana 58, vol. 1 (June 2011), 57-70.
© Dr. Michael Lorenz 2013.
Updated: 7 April 2023
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